Well-casing perforator.



Patented Sept. I0, |901.

Inu-LII.

J. EASTWOOD & E. M. HOAGLAND. WELL GASING PERFORATOR.

(Application led Apr. (No Model.) l

e News news co. vno'ruumo.. wnsmnnvon JOSEPH FASTl/VOOD, OF SANFRANCISCO, AND ELLERY M. HOAGLAND, OF

EAST OAKLAND, CALIFORNIA.

WELL-CASING PERFORATOR.

SPECIFICATION forming part of Letters Patent No. 682,180, datedSeptember 10, 190]..

Application iiled April 23, 1901. Serial No. 57,124. (No model.)

To @ZZ whom, t may concern:

Be it known that we, JOSEPH EASTWOOD, residing in the city and county ofSan Francisco, and ELLERY M. HOAGLAND, residing at East Oakland, Alamedacounty, State of California, citizens ofthe United States, have inventedcertain new and useful Improvements in l/Vell-Casing Perforators and wedo hereby declare the following to be a full, clear, and exactdescription of the same.

Our invention relates to well-boring tools, and particularly to toolsfor perforating the casing.

Our invention consists in the novel construction, arrangement, andcombinations of parts, which we shall hereinafter fully describe andclaim.

The general object of our invention is to provide means for positivelyperforating the well-casing.

Particular objects and advantages will hereinafter appear in thedescription of parts and the mode of operation of the tool.

Referring to the accompanying drawings, Figure l is a side elevation ofthe perforator, partly broken away,'showing it inside the casing withits punches perforating said casing. Fig. 2 is a bottom plan. Fig. 3 isa detail sectional elevation showing the position of parts whiledescending. Fig. 4 is a similar view showing the position of parts whileascending. dog-arms with insertible punch. Fig. 6 is an edge viewof samepartly broken away. Fig. 7 is a front view of same partly broken away.

A is the stock of the tool, formed at its npper end for the usualconnections. In the stock, from the lower extremity upwardly, is made abore o., the lower end of which is closed by a screw-plug o', with avent-hole d2 for the escape of sand from the bore. Diametrically throughthe stock is made a slot a3, or,'as here shown, two such slots, oneabove and one below. These open clear through the stock and traverse thecentral bore a, and said slots are elongated in the direction of thelength of the stock. When two slots are made, one is in a plane at rightangles to the other.

Through the stock and crossing the slot d3 at right angles is a pin orbolt B, which forms Fig. 5 is a side elevation of one of the= a pivotfor the arms c of a pair of segmental or cam dogs C, each fitted with aperforating point or punch c. There is a pair of these arms in eachslot, one pair being at right angles to the other. The arms of each pairare seated in its slot d3, the inner ends of said arms being rounded andhalved upon one another, with the pivot-pin B passing through theoverlapping ends, whereby a hinge or joint is formed, enabling each dogand arm to swing up and down in a plane parallel with the length of thestock and slot. The faces of the dogs C are best corrugated or toothed,as shown, to enable them to hold with greater certainty. The perforatingpoints or punches c project from the center of the dogs and may beformed integral therewith or independent and insertible, so that theymay be removed when necessary, as for sharpening or when worn, and thenreplaced or others substituted. When made insertible, they are let intothe dogs in a dovetailed groove, as shown, whereby they are (because ofthe planes oftheir operation) securely held and cannot work out. Thearms ofthe dogs are of such length that when a pair extend oppositely inalinement or horizontally the greatest distance from the outermost partof the face of one dog to that of its fellow is just the diameter of theinterior of the casingD; but the punches c' project beyond these faces,so that the distance between opposin g punches when the arms are alinedis greater than the interior diameter of the casing and is greater alsothan the exterior diameter of said casing to enable them to punchthrough. Each pair of arms is controlled by springs, the tendency ofwhich is to return them to and hold them in alinement in horizontalposition. The arrangement of springs may be of any suitable character.That here shown is as follows: In the stock-bore c. is a rod E, having ahead e, which bears down upon the overlapping hinged inner ends of thearms of the upper pair of dogs. A spring e is itted around this rod andbears with one end behind the rod-head e, and with its other end itbears against the head of the bore. A similar rod F has a head f, whichbears u p under the overlapping hinged ends of the arms of the lowerpair of dogs, and a spring f bears IOO behind the rod-head at one endand against the plug a in the foot of the stock-bore a. In the bore a,between the upper and the lower pair of arms are two rods G and H, eachwith a head g and h. The rod G is the upper one and its head bears upunder the hinge of the upper arms, while the head of the lower rod Hbears down on top of the hinge of the lower arms. The upper end of therod H is reduced and telescopes into the lower end of the upper rod G,which relative arrangement permits any sand to drop out from thetelescopic joint. A spring I surrounds both rods with an end bearingbehind the head of each. It will readily be seen that by thisarrangement the springs are suitably guided,

l and theiretfect is to return each pair of arms to and hold them intheir extended horizontal alined position.

The reasons for these constructions will be understood from thedescription of the operation of the tool, which is as follows: It is ofcourse understood that the reason for perforating the well-casing is tolet the water, oil, or other liquid into the casing at the levels wheresuch liquid is found in sinking the Well. -When the tool is inserted inthe top of the casing, the distance between the punches of each pair ofdogs when the latter are extended being greater than the interiordiameter of the casing, these parts can enter the casing only by reasonof the members of each pair being forced upwardly at an angle to eachother, and in this position the tool can be readily slipped down intothe casing. In this position the lower extremity of each cam-dog bearsagainst the casingwall, and thus saves the punches from frictional wearin lowering or removing the tool. When the level is reached at which thecasing isotolbe perforated, the tool is forcibly Jlift/ed. Thereupon thelower point of each dog, engaging the casing-wall, causes each to rollthat portion of its segment-face which is below the punch against thecasing,there by drawing down the punch and forcing it into and throughthe casing, and when the extended or horizontal alined position isreached the punches are completely projected through the casing, therebyperforating it. Continued upward movement of the whole tool now rollsthe upper faces of the dogs against the casing, which by turning themembers of each pair to a downward angle with each other withdraws thepunches, thereby giving relief to the tool. Thereupon the parts, beingat the opposite angle, are dropped again and the reverse operation takesplace, the weight of the tool, jars, and other connections causing areturn of the parts to the first inclination, and in passing through thehorizontal or alined position the punches once more perforate thecasing. Thus the casing may be perforated on both the up and the downstroke without taking the tool from the casing to adjust it. By havingthe pairs at right angles four perfoesalso rations can be made at eachmovement, thereby insuring a number of holes and variety of positionswithout depending upon any attempt to turn the tool, which even whenpoles, rods, or tubes are used is inaccurate and difficult and isimpracticable when using a cable.

It will be seen that the object of the springs is to so control the dogsas to insure the normal holding of their faces to their initial contactwith the casing by always tending to return them to their extendedposition, thereby overcoming the tendency of gravity or friction in thehinge to hold them away in one position or the other. It will also beseen that these dogs in pairs by filling the casing diameter furnish agage which positively forces both punches of the pair to perforate thecasing simultaneously. One cannot perforate unless the other does, for`they must move together to their different positions.

Vith this tool there c'an be no slipping of the punch, as with theordinary perforator, which when the punch is worn will not catch or takehold, but will slip or stagger along. In our device the dogs preventsuch slipping, as they positively take hold in either direction. Thejoint between the arms of each pair ot' dogs is of a character bestadapted to receive the pressure of the spring-actuated rod-heads and torelieve the pivot-bolt of strain.

The use of this tool, because of its positive and numerous perforations,dispenses with any necessity for using a splitter, which when it cutsthrough a coupling weakens the casing and tends to cause its collapse.

Having thus described our invention, what we claim as new, and desire tosecure by Letters Patent, is-

1.- A Well-casing perforator consisting of a stock, an arm pivoted inthe stock and adapted to swing in the plane of the length of the stockfrom a position at right angles thereto to an angle on either side ofsaid right-angle position, a dog on the outer end of the arm adapted tobear against the inner wall of the casing, and a punch projecting fromsaid dog in the plane of the length of the arm.

2. A well-casing perforator consisting of a stock, an arm pivoted in thestock and adapted to swing in the plane of the length of the stock froma position at right angles thereto to an angle on either side of saidright-angle position, a dog on the outer end of the arm adapted to bearagainst the inner wall of the casing, a punch projecting from said dogin the plane of the length of the arm, and a spring controlling the arm,to hold its dog to the casing-wall.

3. A well-casing perforator consisting of a stock, a pair ofoppositely-extending arms connected with the stockv by a pivot, adaptingthem to swing in the plane of the length of the stock, from a positionin alinement, to a position at an angle with each other on IOO IIO

either side of said alinement, each of said arms having, on its outerend, a dog adapted when the arms are in alinement to bear againstopposite sides of the inner wall of the casing, and a punch carried byand projecting outwardly from each of said dogs.

4. A well-casing perforator consisting of a stock, a pair ofoppositely-extending arms connected with the stock by a pivot adaptingthem to swing in the plane of the length of the stock, from a positionin alinement, to a position at an angle with each other on either sideof said alinement, each of said arms having, on its outer end, a dogadapted when the arms are in alinement to bear against opposite sides ofthe inner wall of the casing, a spring controlling said arms to holdtheir dogs to said casing-wall, and a punch carried by and projectingoutwardly from each of said dogs.

5. A Well-casing perforator consisting of a stock having a longitudinalbore, and a crossslot traversing said bore, an arm fitted in saidcross-slot and projecting radially from the stock, said arm beingpivoted at its inner end in the stock and adapted to Swingin the planeof the length of the stock from a position at right angles thereto to anangle on either side of said right-angle position, a dog on the outerend of the arm adapted to bear against the inner Wall of the casing,apunch projecting from said dog in the plane ot' the length of the arm,and a spring controlling the arm, to hold its dog to the casing-Wall.

6. A well-casing perforator consisting of a stock having a longitudinalbore and a diametrical slot traversing said bore and opening out onopposite sides 'of the stock, a pair of arms tted in said cross-slot andprojecting radially therefrom in opposite directions, said arms beingpivoted at their inner ends in the stock and adapted to swing in theplane of the length of the stock from a position in alinement, to aposition at an angle with each other on either side of said alinedposition,a dog carried by the outer end of each arm and adapted when thearms are in alinement to bear against opposite sides of the inner wall0f the casing, springs seated in the bore of the stock and bearing oneach side of the hinge or pivot joints of the arms and tending to returnthe arms from an angle on either side, to a position in alinement,whereby the dogs are held to their bearing against the casing-Wall, anda punch carried by and projecting outwardly from each dog.

7. In a well-casing perforator and in combination with the stock havingthe longitudinal bore and diametrical slot, the pair of radialoppositely-extending arms, each having at its outer end a dog with apunch, the inner ends of said arms being overlapped, a cross-pin throughsaid ends pivoting them in the stock, guide-rods in the stock-bore, eachhaving a head, the head of one rod bearing against the pivoted ends ofsaid arms on one side, and the head of the other rod bearing againstsaid ends on the other side, and a spring around each .rod bearingbehind its head and holding it against said arm ends.

8. n a Well-casing perforator and in combination with the stock havingthe longitudinal bore and a plurality of diametrical slots, a pair of:radial oppositely-extending arms, fitted in each slot and each armhaving atits outer end a dog with a punch, theinner ends of the arms ofeach pair being overlapped and pivoted in the stock by a cross-pin, rodsin the stock-bore bearing against the pivoted ends of each pair of armson their relatively remote sides, telescoping rods in the stockborebearing against the pivoted ends of each pair of arms on theirrelatively adjacent sides, and springs on the rods tending to hold themagainst the arms, to hold each pair normally in radial alinement.

9. A well-casing perforator consisting of a stock, a plurality of pairsof oppositelyeX- tending arms pivoted in the stock, one pair being in aplane at an angle to that of another pair, the members of each pair ofsaid arms being adapted to swing in the plane of the length of the stockfrom a position in alinement with each other to a position at an anglewith each other on either side of said alinement, a dog on the other endof each arm adapted to bear against the inner Wall of the casing, apunch projecting from each dog in the plane of the length of the arm,and a spring controlling the arms, to hold their dogs to thecasing-Wall.

In Witn ess whereof We have hereunto set our hands.

JOSEPH EASTWOOD. ELLERY M. HOAGLAND. Witnesses:

WALTER F. VANE, D. B. RICHARDS.

IOO

